Genital Warts Glossary G - I
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Gardasil - Gardasil is a vaccine against certain types of the human papillomavirus
(HPV), manufactured by Merck & Co. Gardasil is designed to prevent infection with
HPV types 16, 18, 6, and 11. HPV types 16 and 18 cause about 70% of HPV-related cervical
cancer cases. In addition, some types of HPV, particularly type 16, have been found
to be associated with oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma, a form of throat cancer.
HPV types 6 and 11 cause about 90% of genital wart cases. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
infection causes nearly all cases of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the second
leading cause of death from cancer world-wide, and the leading cause of cancer-related
deaths in developing countries.
Genital warts - Genital warts (or Condyloma, Condylomata acuminata, or venereal warts)
is a highly contagious. sexually transmitted infection caused by some sub-types of
human papillomavirus (HPV). It is spread through direct skin-to-skin contact during
oral, genital, or anal sex with an infected partner. Genital warts are the most easily
recognized sign of genital HPV infection. They can be caused by strains 6, 11, 30,
42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52 and 54 of genital HPV; types 6 and 11 are responsible for
90% of genital warts cases. Most people who acquire those strains never develop warts
or any other symptoms. HPV also causes many cases of cervical cancer; types 16 and
18 account for 70% of cases; however, the strains of HPV that cause genital warts
are not linked to the strains that cause cancer.
Hirsuties papillaris genitalis - Hirsuties papillaris genitalis (more commonly referred
to as "pearly penile papules", or PPP) is a harmless clinical skin condition of the
male genital organs. It is a harmless physiological phenomenon with no malignant
potential. The papules appear as one or several rows of small, flesh-colored, smooth,
dome-topped bumps situated circumferentially around the corona (see image) or sulcus
of the glans penis. Uncommonly, lesions may extend onto the glans penis. It is not
a sexually transmitted disease and its appearance is unrelated to sexual activity
or standards of personal hygiene. The bumps are however extremely sensitive and many
sufferers view this sensitivity as unwelcome.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) - Papillomaviruses are a diverse group of DNA-based viruses
that infect the skin and mucous membranes of humans and a variety of animals. Over
100 different human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been identified. Some HPV types
may cause warts while others may cause a subclinical infection resulting in precancerous
lesions. All HPVs are transmitted by skin-to-skin contact.
Imiquimod - Imiquimod (INN) is a prescription medication that acts as an immune response
modifier. It is marketed by MEDA AB, Graceway Pharmaceuticals and iNova Pharmaceuticals
under the trade name Aldara and by Mochida as Beselna.
Interferon - Interferons (IFNs) are natural proteins produced by the cells of the
immune system of most vertebrates in response to challenges by foreign agents such
as viruses, parasites and tumor cells. Interferons belong to the large class of glycoproteins
known as cytokines. Interferons are produced by a wide variety of cells in response
to the presence of double-stranded RNA, a key indicator of viral infection. Interferons
assist the immune response by inhibiting viral replication within host cells, activating
natural killer cells, increasing antigen presentation to lymphocytes, and inducing
the resistance of host cells to viral infection. When the antigen is presented to
matching T and B cells, those cells multiply and strategically and specifically wipe
out the foreign substance. That is why antigen presentation is so important to the
immune response.
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